Bulletin n. 2-3/2012
October 2012-February 2013
CONTENTS
  • Section A) The theory and practise of the federal states and multi-level systems of government
  • Section B) Global governance and international organizations
  • Section C) Regional integration processes
  • Section D) Federalism as a political idea
    • Lardeux Laurent
    «Libre consentement» au retour des réfugiés congolais (RDC) et nouvelles normes d’application du rapatriement par le HCR
    in Critique Internationale , n. 56, 2012 ,  2012 ,  95-116
    “Free Consent” in the Return of Congolese Refugees (DRC) and New Norms for the Application of Repatriation by the HCR Between 2005 and 2009, the UNHCR evoked the sole motive of “change of circumstance” in the country of return to justify and promote the repatriation of Congolese refugees to the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since then, reductions in the assistance and protection granted to refugees by host countries has qualified the notion of “free consent” to return, which is nevertheless broadly emphasized by the legal texts governing the terms of voluntary repatriation. The UNHCR is today obliged to take the interests of sponsor and asylum-granting countries into account, generally at the expense of the personal and subjective preferences of refugees and at the risk of erroneous evaluation of the level of security in the region of return. A multi-situated ethnography conducted in host and return regions allows one to grasp the various motivations of refugees in light of the structural and political conditions in which - but also against which - they may be forged.
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